CPSIA – Hey, Republicans, THANKS SO MUCH for that Pledge for America

Did anyone notice how the CPSIA Amendment (HR 2715) went to the House floor in the middle of the night on a Sunday after closed door horse trading out of the public eye, and was voted on early the next day designated as a “noncontroversial bill” (Monday, August 1).  The amendment didn’t go through a mark-up hearing and was only published a few hours before the vote.  The law includes some surprises, too, as one might expect on a bill emerging from a smoke-filled room.  Naturally, the Senate considered it and put it up for a voice vote in even less time.  How many Members of Congress bothered to read the bill before voting on it?  How many Members of the responsible House and Senate committees read it before voting on it?  Your guess is as good as mine. You may recall that the Republican Party published “A Pledge to America” in 2010 ahead of the Medterm elections, with the nifty subtitle “A new governing agenda built on the Priorities of Our Nation, the Principles We Stand for & America’s Founding Values”.  Impressive. The Pledge includes a section starting on page 33 called “A Plan to Reform Congress and Restore Trust”.  Restore trust – I am all for that!! On page 35 of this document , the Republicans make the following ”promise”: ” Read the Bill    We will ensure that bills are debated and discussed in the public square by publishing the text online for at least three days before coming up for a vote in the House of Representatives. No more hiding legislative language from the minority party, opponents, and the public. Legislation should be understood by all interested parties before it is voted on. ”   [Emphasis added] Correction:  They’ll do all that stuff unless they don’t.  And in the case of the CPSIA Amendment, well, come on, don’t be such a rule follower . . . .

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CPSIA – Hey, Republicans, THANKS SO MUCH for that Pledge for America

CPSIA – Final CPSIA Amendment (HR 2715) Moves to President’s Desk for Signature

Here is the final form of the CPSIA Amendment  (HR 2715)  that should become law sometime this week. I want to quote from another blog (thank you, Steven Hansen ) on this amendment’s path to the President’s desk: ” This bill and the path it has taken is an example of why people are very frustrated with Congress and getting legislation passed in general. These ‘legislative’ fixes have been getting passed around in backrooms for months and when they finally did come to a ‘vote’ the ‘fix’ was already in and they sailed thru in minutes or seconds on votes that were purely formalities. There was really no warning that this would be passed when it did or in this fashion. If you did not get what you wanted in here well that’s too bad because you are not likely to see any further relief for some time. Apparently Congress is going to be in recess until after Labor day as they had to work so hard to pass the debt ceiling bill. ” Mr. Hansen is completely correct.  We know that even Republican members found out about this amendment when it was docketed for a House floor vote.  Mark-up, schmark-up.  The Senate also made the decision (if that is even possible, since the Senate is an inanimate organization without a mind) to shift to HR 2715 without debate, and passed it with a voice vote.  These decisions were literally made in minutes behind closed doors and Members of Congress had no time to read (and perhaps no interest to read) the “noncontroversial” bill.  After three years of intense bickering, a small group of individuals made the decision for all of us that this bill is good enough to “fix” the CPSIA.  There won’t be another “fix” to this law again, perhaps EVER.  You know the bill sucks if Henry Waxman is clucking about it .  In fact, most of the text of the bill was his handiwork almost entirely (functional purpose, testing “relief” (Eshoo), database (Markey), small batch “relief”). And what did we get for all our good government dollars?  I have previously given my quick assessment of this law and have no interest in repeating the exercise at this point.  I would like, however, to highlight low lights of the bill: Winners :   ATVs, Bicycles, Resale Goods, Books, Libraries Losers :  See above list, and if you’re not on it . . . you. Technical Fixes of Past Congressional Screw-ups :  100 ppm lead standard is prospective now.  And WHY wasn’t Congress able to do this for 300 ppm or 600 ppm?  Good question.  The five CPSC Commissioners called for this particular change back in January 2010.  What’s the hurry now??? Changes to testing requirement to “representative” rather than “random” samples.  And we just hired our third statistician, too! Restricts the phthalates ban to accessible plasticized components.  i guess Congress isn’t worried about kids with serpent tongues any longer. Makes FUTURE crib standards prospective.  And who said the $32 million in recently discarded good fixed-sided crib inventory died in vain?! Shame, Shame, Shame : Small batch manufacturers, the most micro of businesses (under $1 million in total turnover) must register prior to utilizing any of the nifty cost-saving testing innovations now being cooked up by the very open-minded CPSC.  This is the CPSC’s version of the sex offender registry.  Is there ANY basis for singling these people out for special attention?  Why doesn’t Mattel have to register, too?  Oh, come on, you know we must have different rules for Mattel!  They need their own firewalled labs and so on for their efficiency.  [Here's a good example of their efficiency.]  It’s only fair, the real safety worry is the crafters . . . . The only good news is that none of the small batch manufacturers will ever have to suffer this indignity. The clever gnomes of Congress have figured out how to appear to give something to those heart-rending  little nobodies without doing squat.  How do they do that?  The only “relief” that the CPSC may implement must meet this standard:  “Any such alternative requirements shall provide for reasonable methods to assure compliance  with any applicable consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation.” [Emphasis added]  This CPSIA term has already been interpreted by this Commission multiple times.  The word “assure” ensures that no relief will ever be given since nothing can “assure” compliance other than prophylaxis.  Notably, the Commission has purportedly looked for this “out” for three years and came up with nada .  And Bob Adler has been “agonizing” over it for that entire time.  [I feel AWFUL for him, he suffers for each of us.] How will another year or two of agonizing produce a different result? Suckers are welcome to wait longingly for this promised “relief” but they will be disappointed again and again.  Protest is futile. Disgusting, Repellent Hypocrisy : Consider the amazing gimme provided to bicycle manufacturers: ” (B) METAL COMPONENT PARTS OF BICYCLES.—The third party testing requirements established under subsection (a) shall not apply to metal component parts of bicycles with respect to compliance with the lead content limits in place pursuant to section 101(b)(6) of the [CPSIA]. ” They don’t have to test their metal components at all.  AT ALL, EVER.  Bicycle manufacturers are different than you and me. Let me be clear – I think testing metal components on bikes is a stupid and pointless waste of time and money.  The bike industry testified in the CPSC 100 ppm hearing that when they tested a single part in ten places, they got ten different results.  Whoa!  They proved they had an unsolvable problem and apparently Congress listened.  How heartwarming! I gave similar testimony and submitted similar data about our products at the same hearing in the same panel sitting at the same table.  Congress must have gone deaf by that time.  Oddly, the CPSC staff included this data and my testimony in their 100 ppm report.  So perhaps Congress isn’t just deaf, they may be blind, too.  Or perhaps they just don’t bother with the details. Inquiring minds want to know about this particular term benefiting bicycle manufacturers: 1.   The AAP testified that there is a real risk that kids might lick their bicycles .  Problem?  Apparently not, but the testimony was taken morbidly seriously at the time.  I wonder why Congress wants to protect bike lickers now. 2.   Perhaps you recall that the CPSC rejected the request of Learning Curve to exempt its brass bushings on toy car wheels.  This decision was a “major victory” for safety because, get ready for it, there was lead in the brass bushings although Bob Adler noted there was no danger even to a child at the “tipping point” in lead exposure.  [Adler voted to reject LC's petition nevertheless. He "had" to, the law left him no choice.]  Later the Consumers Union warned against playing brass instruments in a band because of the dreaded lead in brass.   [ Degchi (Curry cookware) is one of many traditional Indian cooking utensils and pots made of brass.  Where are all the Indian victims from generations of eating off brass?]  The CPSC also held the line against bikes, pens and ATVs over the purported lead content of their metal components because the Dems asserted that there is no safe level of lead.  Is Congress signalling that metal components are uniquely safe in bicycles?  How did Congress figure this out?  Is there something in the Congressional record on this point? The term about testing metal bicycle components first appeared in this bill when it went to the House floor on suspension.  Bills on suspension cannot be amended.  Hmmm. 3.   I recall Rachel Weintraub intoning during testimony at the CPSC and in Congress that consumers expect their products to be tested before sale.  [Former Commissioner David Pittle told the same tale at a CPSC hearing.]  Bicycles won’t be tested before sale now.  How will consumers be able to sleep peacefully?  How will they know which items are not tested (ATVs, books, bikes, resale goods of all types) and which are tested?  Won’t they have the same uncertainty again?  I can feel the fabric of our society tearing a little bit . . . . 4.   Bicycle manufacturers have indicated that tests of metal components vary depending on where you test the component.  There is unpredictable variability in their test results because . . . metal components are not precisely homogeneous.  Metals are used in components in many children’s products, not just bikes.  It follows that all metal components pose the same issue.  It also follows that metals pose an equal risk of lead poisoning regardless of the product they are used in.  So why must we test our grommets and staples when bikes can tool around untested? 5.   Is there a reason why OTHER components on a bicycle (presumably made of plastic and vinyl) must be tested?  Is there a known health hazard there that bike companies must protect against?  Will those tests achieve anything for anyone?  And why must every other product category still subject to the CPSIA test every component, whether metal or plastic? 6.   The CPSC has held that it is “technologically feasible” to make every component of every children’s product compliant to the 100 ppm standard.  There were no exceptions to their conclusion.  Why did Congress in its infinite wisdom decide that bicycles alone could be forgiven the need to meet this standard and alone to not have to test its metal components?  [The other problem child under this provision, ATVs and motocross, was written out ENTIRELY.]  Why weren’t bikes made to comply with the astute judgment of the CPSC and shift over to new materials to meet the “toughest lead standard in the world”?  After all, that only costs money, and Bob Adler assured us that the cost would be minor and worth it.  Can’t be too safe and, of course, we all know that safety delayed is safety denied.  Isn’t this action of our all-knowing Congress denying safety? As I have noted, this law picks winners and losers.  Applying reason and rationality to this arbitrary allocation of spoils is a pathetic waste of time at this point.  Congress has decided what’s best for all of us, and with the Tenenbaum gang in charge at the CPSC, you shouldn’t spend much time hoping things are going to change in the future. Henry Waxman and Rachel Weintraub won.

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CPSIA – Final CPSIA Amendment (HR 2715) Moves to President’s Desk for Signature

CPSIA – The House Answers with its Own (Bipartisan) Suspension Bill

The Republicans and Democrats on the House Energy and Commerce Committee have apparently suddenly agreed on a new 29-page draft CPSIA Amendment .  This is a modification of ECADA and is probably the best that the House Republicans could extract from the Dems.  It is also part of a game of chicken between the House and Senate on how to amend the CPSIA.   The bill is sponsored by Mary Bono-Mack and G.K. Butterfield, meaning that it is a bipartisan bill.  It will proceed to the House floor for a vote tomorrow, cannot be amended and will only  pass by 2/3 majority vote.  It could be a voice “consensus” vote and will likely pass without opposition given its bipartisan character. A quick review of this amendment: a.  100 ppm lead standard is made prospective. b.  Functional Purpose exception process remains part of the amendment.  [I have written extensively on how this provision is a sham .  I haven't changed my mind.] c.  ATV exception is included.  This is death knell for any hope of later CPSIA amendments. This signals the end of the road. d.  The terms of the bike stay are made into law.  They also get a really sweet deal – as far as I can tell, they don’t have to test metal components anymore.  That provision is buried on page 19 in the book exception section.  All the better to sneak it through.  Nice for them . . . but no word as to why we must test metal components.  Too bad for us, I guess. . . . e.  Resale goods exception is included. f.  Testing rules are now based on “representative” samples, not “random” samples.  The rest of the provision is based on the Eshoo amendment requiring further “inquiry” on reducing costs of third party testing.  The Eshoo model still requires “assuring compliance” with the lead standards.  This is the big dollar issue, as everyone knows, and is the one issue that touches everyone, all the ordinary businesses.  This provision is a punt and offers little prospect for future relief.  This provision is a huge time-waster and will never result in anything useful because the standard for relief is in the context of “assuring compliance”.  It also calls for more business “instruction” like that found in the current draft of the “15 Month Rule”.  [The status of the 15 Month Rule is not apparently addressed and may still emerge from the agency to bite us later this year.]  The authors of the 15 Month Rule draft rule know exactly zippo about the real world and if we are ever supposed to follow their sage dictates, the losses will mount . . . fast.  In any event, this Commission will never feel comfortable with anything less than prophylactic assurance, injury statistics be damned.  I hate this provision because I don’t trust the CPSC Commission under current leadership. Notably, this provision does not stay compliance with the testing rules due to go off stay at the end of the year pending resolution of the Eshoo inquiry.  Congress has not dictated that the stay be extended, and believe me, it won’t be.  The reasoning behind this provision escapes me. g.  Small batch manufacturers receive minimal relief (” reasonable methods to assure compliance “).  The real sham part of this is the tantalizing prospect that the CPSC will actually deliver on this demand for testing relief.  Call me a cynic, but they have received testimony out the wazoo for three years on this topic, and have yet to find a way to “help” the remaining micro-businesses in the market.  And the reason we should believe they will make a afety testing discovery in the future?  Your guess is as good as mine.  They won’t. Small batch manufacturers have to register before benefiting from this wonderful “relief”.  The registration requirement is deeply offensive to me and really shames Congress and the agency.  What did these little companies do to deserve this treatment?  What makes the House (Dems) think this is a good idea?  It smacks of 1984 and is utterly detached from any rational assessment of risk.  Do small batch manufacturers have an exceptionally bad safety track record meriting this kind of surveillance?  Of course not.  That they would accept or even support this treatment is shocking to me.  In any event, no relief is offered to any company with gross revenues in excess of $1,000,000, so it’s really just for the benefit of the really micro micro-businesses.  It won’t benefit me even for small unit volume items we currently sell – our top line makes us ineligible for any possible relief.  Happy registering, little guys! h.  Ordinary books and printed materials get a pass. i.  Durable Nursery Products standards provision (not reviewed). j.  Phthalates standard applied only to “plasticized” components and not to inaccessible components.  Guess that means no more testing of paper, wood and metal. k.  Authority to exclude items from tracking labels provision is given to the CPSC based on practicability.  This is promising although the Dem hanging judges on the Commission have yet to make a single decision that saved a business a dollar for any reason. Don’t hold your breath. l.   Database rules are tweaked in a meaningless way consistent with the Markey proposal on database.  NO relief offered. THERE IS NO RELIEF GIVEN TO EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS.  Thanks, Congress.  I am glad my kids are out of elementary school by now. That’s it, more or less.  Hope you like it, that’s all you’re going to get.

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CPSIA – The House Answers with its Own (Bipartisan) Suspension Bill

CPSIA – Amazon to Kids’ Hat Companies: Prove You’re Lead-free by August 7th

Hope your kids don’t need hats.  Perhaps you are aware that absent Congressional action, the new 100 ppm lead standard will be imposed retroactively by August 14th.  The five Commissioners have requested that this provision be applied prospectively (they made this request in January 2010) yet Congress has done nothing about it. As a matter of fact, now that you mention it, they haven’t done anything about any of the problems under the CPSIA.  I guess as Rachel Weintraub suggests, more “discussion” is needed. Anyhow, I received the below letter (excerpts are reproduced only) from a maker of children’s hats.  Anyone out there ever heard of lead poisoning from a hat?  Me, either. Nevertheless this company is subject to the stupid rules of the CPSIA for reasons best explained by Henry Waxman, and are now being required to prove up the “safety” of their hats. So how do you expect hat companies to respond to this kind of request?  Do you think they can afford the tests?  To employ the people to administer the tests, apply the tracking labels, maintain the records, deal with all the paper-pushing by their customers, pay for the lawyers, fill out the forms and so on?  I can think of several likely replies.  First, cut the product line.  Don’t waste money on testing so many hats.  Second, simplify the product line.  Remember cute hats with lots of colors?  Thing of the past.  Better snap ‘em up while you can.  Monochrome is the new rainbow.  Third, make hats for kids over 12 or for adults. Then you can sprinkle your little hats with lead to your heart’s content.  No one will care. Oh, I know, natural fibers and certain fabrics don’t need to be tested.  Yes, but my customers don’t care much for these niceties.  They want a piece of paper for the files.  If you think we test only when we have to, you are wrong.  That’s the bare minimum.  Most tests are repeated or substantially exceeded, even beyond the absurd levels required by law.  This hat company was pretty depressed by the news delivered by Amazon.  Get used to it. Or go pick up some hats right now.  If you have little kids, buy them in several sizes while you’re at it.  No time like the present. . . . Amazon Letter (excerpts): Dear Amazon Vendor: The Federal Government enacted the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (the “Act”) that, in addition to other requirements, prescribes strict limits on the content of lead and phthalates in products intended for children. New stricter limits on lead in children’s products will go into effect on August 14, 2011. This message outlines the steps Amazon will require vendors to take to confirm that their products comply with the new stricter lead limits affecting children’s products. Vendors are responsible for thoroughly familiarizing themselves with all the requirements of the Act and for tracking and complying with any regulations issued by Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Additional information on the Act is available on the CPSC website at www.cpsc.gov. Specific provisions of the Act discussed in this letter are for ease of reference only. Actions Required: What you need to do By July 31, 2011, each vendor must confirm and report to Amazon.com that all of your children’s products (i) in Amazon.com’s inventory, as reported to you in Vendor Central, and (ii) in transit or shipped to Amazon.com, will comply with applicable limits set forth in Column I. Limit:  Lead 100 ppm Effective Date of Limit per the Act:  August 14, 2011 Products shipped to Amazon must comply by:  July 31, 2011 Noncompliant products are subject to return to Vendor:  August 7, 2011 Step 1: Verify that your products are compliant with the lead content requirements going into effect on August 14, 2011. Vendors are responsible for determining whether the products they sell on Amazon.com are compliant with the new lead requirements.

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CPSIA – Amazon to Kids’ Hat Companies: Prove You’re Lead-free by August 7th

CPSIA – Letter to CPSC re Executive Order on Regulatory Review

President Obama issued an  Executive Order yesterday instructing the CPSC to institute “retrospective analysis of rules that may be outmoded, ineffective, insufficient, or excessively burdensome, and to modify, streamline, expand, or repeal them in accordance with what has been learned.”   Notably, the order specifies “allowing interested members of the public to have a meaningful opportunity to participate in rulemaking”. In the White House blog announcing the Executive Order, Inez Tenenbaum is quoted as follows:   “Earlier this year, I directed agency staff to reinvigorate CPSC’s voluntary review process, which is intended to look at ways to maximize openness and public participation, and effectively review substantive regulations that may require revision, repeal, or strengthening . . . . I believe this approach is consistent with President Obama’s call for a sensible and streamlined regulatory system that is protective of public health and safety, and I look forward to working with the President and Congress, as appropriate, as our review process moves forward.” As you know, I have participated in CPSC public forums numerous times in the last three years, in addition to testifying before a House subcommittee twice on the CPSIA.  I have testified at the CPSC at least five times by my count, several times at the invitation/request of the agency.  I have done so at my expense.  In each case, I believe my testimony was disregarded.  My positions on the CPSIA have been publicly documented, principally in my blog which I know you read.  My positions have been consistent and backed up by data open to anyone’s review.   Now that the CPSC is subject to an Executive Order demanding real public input, I call on the agency to break with its past of disregarding inconvenient opinions or those that may subvert a political agenda, and allow the public to participate MEANINGFULLY in this critical process.  Those of us who have attempted to stop the CPSIA train wreck have been thoroughly marginalized by a process that uses us to create an impression of public dialogue without actually taking any meaningful feedback or adjusting any preexisting plans.  The President did not order the agency to provide a public forum for VENTING.  He has ordered the CPSC to afford the public a “meaningful opportunity to participate in rulemaking”.   To me, the Executive Order means that when we present reasoned arguments with actual data, the agency has NO OPTION other than to listen and take into account our views.  There is nothing in the Executive Order that indicates that consumer groups speak for the public or should be accorded extra weight in your deliberations, nor that manufacturers are somehow excluded from the group considered to be “the public”. It is time to recognize the legitimacy of the views of those of us who create much-needed jobs.    With that in mind, I call your attention to a blogpost I wrote on cost/benefit analysis of CPSC decisions and policies under the CPSIA.  Please see my post ” Do Accidents Happen? ” dated June 29th.  In this post, I explain that, as a matter of accepted economic theory and legal theory, the policies and decisions of the CPSC in the wake of the CPSIA have crossed the line into inefficiency and bad public policy.  This is PRECISELY the issue that the President has charged  the agency with investigating and resolving.  Speaking as a business owner in the field of children’s products, I can assure you that time is of the essence.  Every day counts at this point  as the cumulative impact of three years of CPSIA duress has taken a terrible economic toll with virtually no identifiable public health benefit. Writing a law with noble intentions does not ensure that it will be good law or one that benefits society.  In the case of the CPSIA, the issue has never been “What price safety?”  A failure to effectively enforce the law prior to the CPSIA never constituted a need for new safety rules anymore that a failure to enforce traffic laws means that we need lower speed limits.  New approaches to enforcement, perhaps, but new standards, no.  The question today is “What price survival”? Businesses and markets have been punished mercilessly in service of the CPSIA but to what end? President Obama’s order comes after years of public outrage over regulatory excesses and significantly, was issued shortly after a House Oversight hearing featuring two CPSC Commissioners examining the question of economy inefficiency in rulemaking.  I fully believe that the agency can never fix this mess without taking a strong stance on real CPSIA reform. The CPSIA took away the agency’s right to assess risk, not its ABILITY to assess risk.  This is a truly counterintuitive approach to safety, as safety is all about risk management.  There is no logic to this approach which sadly renders the expert opinions of the CPSCs legions of Ph.D.s meaningless at critical junctures for my market.  I am frustrated, to put it mildly, that ALL CPSC Commissioners do not regularly protest this subversion of process and responsibility.  This problem is at the core of the issue with the CPSIA and should be offensive to Democrats and Republicans alike.  The failure of any Commissioner to demand the right to exercise his/her honest judgment is akin to acknowledging that they do not trust themselves to act prudently and in the interest of the public.  Do the Commissioners really believe that taking away their authority is necessary to ensure sound decision-making?  That reasoning never worked with my teenagers.   Resolving the issues that the President has ordered the CPSC to examine will certainly require the exercise of judgment.  It is inescapable that the Commission must be prepared to deliver this unpleasant news to Congress for better or worse.   I look forward to a meaningful public process investigating these issues, and pledge my support and engagement in this process. I want to be helpful but ask in return that the agency turn over a new leaf and let rational arguments supported with data influence outcomes in CPSIA rulemakings and policies. Please do not hesitate to contact me with your comments and questions.  Thank you for considering my views on this important subject. Respectfully, Richard Woldenberg Chairman Learning Resources, Inc. Vernon Hills, Illinois

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CPSIA – Letter to CPSC re Executive Order on Regulatory Review

CPSIA – Functional Purpose Exception Is All About Dollars Now

The purported Functional Purpose Exception in the last draft of ECADA is unavailable to all but the largest and most well-funded of corporate supplicants.  Is it even THAT good? Let’s start with the premise that the holding by the CPSC Staff that it is “technologically feasible” to make everything without lead at 100 ppm concentrations.  In other words, in CPSIA-speak, it is ”possible” to make EVERYTHING without lead.  As noted previously many times, the term “technological feasibility” does not incorporate any concept of money or economics.  It simply signifies that it is possible in the real world to do it, damn the cost. Thus, the functional purpose exception is intended for products, components or materials that are either not possible to make without lead at compliant levels (not “technologically feasible”) or if possible, are unreasonably expensive or disruptive to make (“not practicable”).  In other words, the functional purpose test boils down to this:  ”not possible to make” or “possible to make but too expensive”.  As previously noted, this is further limited to items REQUIRING the inclusion of lead.  These items are quite limited, generally they are metals only.  You’ll never see the law reflect this metals limitation honestly because the Dems want to fool you into thinking this provision is something much more than it is. They don’t want you to know it’s not really for you. The retort to my argument yesterday is that this exception will be a boon for everyone because you can use evidence from prior hearings (paid for by preceding supplicants) to prove your case.  But since EVERYTHING can be made without lead according to CPSC Staff, the evidence of preceding supplicants is much less likely to be helpful or even available to you.  Why?  Because evidence dealing with technological feasibility is a settled question now.  There is no need for further evidence so all those expensive consultant reports are moot.  The only evidence of prior supplicants that would be useful must  reflect on the question of “practicability”.  How likely is it that you can use other people’s data on practicability? The pending draft reads as follows:  “In demonstrating that it meets the requirements of subparagraph (A), a party seeking an exception under such subparagraph may rely on any nonproprietary information submitted by any other party seeking such an exception and such information shall be considered part of the record presented by the party that relies on that information.”  [Emphasis added]  In other words, you can only rely on non-proprietary evidence of others reflecting on practicability.  Of this, there will be none. The issue of “practicability” is essentially one of having to take steps that are unreasonably burdensome in economic terms.  Each competitor in a marketplace has a different cost structure and sets different profit margins. This is very confidential and highly proprietary information.  Sources are confidential, manufacturing processes and innovations are usually trade secrets. All these secrets provide competitive advantage and will not be disclosed publicly. Furthermore, the disclosure of such information could devastate the market for the product, once profit margins or technical manufacturing data are disclosed to customers and resellers.  No one will disclose this information except under seal.  Many people won’t even take that step, distrusting the sanctity of their most precious information assets once it is out of their control.  So there won’t be any non-proprietary information to share or use.  Besides, each case will be different.  In reality, the case for Kawasaki to use lead in its ATV engine blocks will be different from the case of Arctic Cat ATVs because their manufacturing processes, cost levels, manufacturing location(s), market position and so on are different.  Deciding practicability for one manufacturer sheds no light on another manufacturer because the entire question is one of economics.  Let’s not forget, practicability will be determined not by whether ANY additional costs are imposed, but instead by whether the new costs are unreasonable AND unbearable.  That will vary in case by case, market by market. No doubt extraneous subjective factors like the Dems’ paranoia about lead will make for inconsistent judgments of what constitutes an unreasonable burden.  After all, there’s no safe level of lead!  Nothing will extend from one case to another.  Nothing at all. It is not surprising that this confusion lingers.  The original concept of the functional purpose exception (a lame idea from the get-go) was focused on the question of technological feasibility.  The ability to use other people’s submitted consultant reports had some value in that case.  But since that question is now resolved, so the value of sharing the reports is gone.  All that’s left is the taste in everyone’s mouth. Where does this leave us?  With no exceptions to the CPSIA, none, zippo, nada, nuthin’.   You can thank the ever-intransigent Dems for this terrible situation.  The functional purpose exception should be DROPPED and replaced with something actually useful to real businesses, before we all expire.  The House Energy and Commerce Committee needs to ask:  Who are we trying to benefit?  What problem are we trying to solve? How will the new provision solve that problem? Who will be the beneficiaries of that solution?  [In the real world] Do we like the order in which relief is likely to be doled out?  Is it okay to design a provision such that only big companies can get relief in practical effect, or one in which big companies must be granted relief first ? How much will the process cost?  How risky is the investment in applying for relief?  Is the application for relief essentially automatic, or will it be a case-by-case trial in front of the Commission? How burdensome will the application process be?  Is the exemption intended to benefit companies with small high-value product lines of 5-15 products (e.g., ATV manufacturers), or companies with broad product lines (e.g., science educational suppliers can carry many thousands of items)? Let’s get real about the relief we are purportedly offering.  Something good and useful can be crafted but not if it must followed the form of the useless functional purpose exception.  Please, Congress, don’t play games – write a provision that speaks clearly and honestly about who will benefit and how.  After three years of this, we deserve at least something clear and understandable.

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CPSIA – Functional Purpose Exception Is All About Dollars Now

CPSIA – Futile Provision or Gimme for Big Biz?

In response to my blogpost on the “Functional Purpose” exception so desperately desired by the Dems (Waxman and his Waxmanis, plus the Dem CSPC Commissioners) as the “solution” to the inflexibility of the CPSIA restrictions on lead, I am informed that some people think the door is still cracked open for exclusions. I must disagree. Here is the language on the functional purpose exception from the last published version of ECADA :  “(1) FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE EXCEPTION.—(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission, on its own initiative or upon petition by an interested party, shall grant an exception to the prohibition in subsection (a) for a specific product, class of product, material, or component part if the Commission, after notice and comment in accordance with subparagraph (B), determines that—(i) the product, class of product, material, or component part requires the inclusion of lead because it is not practicable or not technologically feasible to manufacture such product, class of product , material, or component part , as the case may be, in accordance with subsection (a) by removing the excessive lead or by making the lead inaccessible; (ii) the product, class of product, material, or component part is not likely to be placed in the mouth or ingested, taking into account normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of such product, class of product, material, or component part by a child; and (iii) an exception for the product, class of product, material, or component part will have no measurable adverse effect on public health or safety, taking into account normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse.”  I have added color to the key words in this section.  In blue , I have highlighted that the exemption will ONLY apply to those products or materials which “require” the inclusion of lead.  In yellow , I have highlighted the two parts of the exception, namely cases where the inclusion of lead is not practicable or not technologically feasible.  Who will benefit from this provision, and how will they benefit? First, to take advantage of this provision, you must demonstrate that your product “requires the inclusion of lead”.  When might lead be required?  According to the CPSC Staff in their recently released report on the ”technological feasibility” of 100 ppm lead , no products or components under 600 ppm concentration requires lead:  “Staff has found no intentional uses of lead in materials at concentrations at or near any of the three statutory lead limits (i.e., 100 ppm, 300 ppm, or 600 ppm). Therefore, staff does not believe that children’s product manufacturers intentionally design or make products or components with the maximum allowable lead content because lead concentration near the maximum limit would have no benefit or purpose to the product or the manufacturer.”  No benefit whatsoever of trace lead content.  Who would have guessed that?! Thus, this provision only applies to items, components or materials well over 600 ppm lead.  For those of you on the sidelines hoping that this will save your trace levels of lead in components, like metals in bicycle components, sorry!  It’s not for you. I believe this provision is only intended for a very limited list of components – namely, brass, metal alloys or possibly rhinestones.  In reality, it’s just for metal alloys which actually require lead as a component, like engine components (or brass).  There will be almost no argument possible where there is a market substitute that the CPSC thinks is adequate. They get to run your business now, don’t forget. Rhinestones are so done. For those items, components or materials that make it through the “requires the inclusion of lead” filter, the provision then further limits coverage where avoiding the inclusion of lead is not “practicable” or technologically feasible.  The above-referenced report states the opinion of CPSC Staff that NOTHING requires the inclusion of lead as defined by the CPSIA:  “Based upon this analysis, the staff could not recommend that the Commission make a determination that it is not technologically feasible for a product or product category to meet the 100 ppm lead content limit for children’s products under section 101(d) of the CPSIA. No such determination has been made by the Commission. Therefore, all children’s products sold, offered for sale, manufactured for sale, distributed in commerce, or imported for sale in the United States must meet the 100 ppm lead content limit beginning August 14, 2011 as statutorily mandated by the CPSIA unless otherwise excluded . . . .” Some people believe the legal definition of “practicable” in certain legal rulings (case law) takes into account economics  and is intended to be a more pragmatic standard allowing applicants to plead that the law will ruin their businesses.  This theory depends on a richer, more nuanced meaning of the term than provided in online legal dictionaries (” when something can be done or performed ” or ” anytime something can be done or performed “). A more detailed explanation, closer to the wishes of those pinning their hopes on this provision, comes from JustAnswer.com :  ” Normally one would say, in a legal arena, that if it does not cause an undue hardship to one party or the other, then it is ‘practicable’. An example would be if during a child support hearing, one party wants the other party to pay for a brand new corvette for their 16 years old child to drive, that would be considered impracticable whereas if they asked for the other parent to provide safe transportation and it is agreed to get a used Ford Escort, that would be practicable. If during a hearing on a property easement the land owner wants $200,000 for a 40 foot easement, the easement holder to pour a new driveway for them both to use, and he can only use it on Fridays, that would be impracticable. Does that make sense? It is basically saying that if there is a reasonable way to provide whatever is being asked, or rather ‘whenever practicable’, that should be done .” Anyone hoping to win an exception under this provision must be prepared to explain that there is no reasonable way to accomplish their goal, that it is in that sense not “practicable”.  This definition does not permit exceptions simply because in their absence costs might rise.  The cost must be “unreasonable” but can be much greater than zero.  What might be deemed an “unreasonable” cost by this CPSC Commission? Well, I think some factors are quite relevant in evaluating whether such exceptions will EVER be granted.  First, the three Dem Commission has taken the position publicly that there is no safe level of lead .  This is wrong, as we know, because since every human takes lead into his/her body every minute of the day and night through lead in air, water, food and dirt (at a minimum), we cannot conclude that life degrades in the presence of lead alone.  The source, concentration and exposure to lead determines the nature of the risk (as they say, the dose makes the poison).  Unfortunately, these Dem non-scientists are beyond convincing.  Try telling them that money is more important than their unthinking appraisal of the “risks” confronting children with lead.  I can’t see it. As if that weren’t enough, the CPSC Staff has publicly stated that everything can be made lead-free based on the bizarre definition of “technological feasibility” under the CPSIA. That term of art does not have the expected meaning of its English words since economics were written out of the definition.  This Commission knows that everything can be made without lead, and given their caveman fear of lead, any applicant will have to explain why other available options are no good.  The concept of technological feasibility and not practicable are not really as divorced as they seem. CPSC Staff shed some light on practicability in their 100 ppm report: a.  ” . . . low-lead materials that can be used in the production of children’s products generally appear to be commercially available in the market place” b.  “In general, for cost increases affecting a broad base of industries, there will be a mixture of effects: both increases in the retail prices of children’s products and reductions in overall production levels.” c.  “Alternatively, some manufacturers may need to redesign or re-engineer their products. Valve stems for bicycles, for example, may need to be fitted with more secure caps, which will effectively render them inaccessible and potentially more difficult to use. In addition, products may be simplified to reduce the number of components for testing.” Overall, the implication of the economic analysis is that the bulk of economic damage (rising costs) has already occurred.  In addition, the CPSC seems to think there is more than one way to skin a cat – and that would be quite relevant in any proceeding under the Functional Purpose Exception provision  Which items would likely be eligible for consideration for relief?  It would likely only be items that are being sold subject to a stay (ATVs and bicycles) because everything else that’s on the market is already compliant.  And how many items are being openly sold today are NOT in compliance with the current lead standards?  Damn near zero.  As Mike Larson notes in the Star-Tribune (March 27, 2011):  “Unfortunately, this hasn’t helped because the many manufacturers and dealers have chosen not to sell the smallest youth model ATVs because of the risks of selling under the stay, and there’s now a limited availability of these products for consumers.  In fact, half of the major ATV manufacturers are no longer selling youth model off-highway vehicles.” My conclusion:  No one can apply for this exception and if they do, they are highly likely to be turned down. Just like the last three years.  It’s a big win for Waxman – he appears to be “listening” but instead is perpetrating a fraud on all the dupes in the children’s product industry.  He cares not about your petty problems (that he created).  It’s truly heartwarming . . . . One last thought:  Who really gets the short end of the stick here?  It’s you as usual, the little guy.  The CPSC Staff acknowledges that the 100 ppm standard is anti-small business:  “Despite the existence of complying materials and components in the marketplace, some manufacturers, especially very small ones, may not be able to readily purchase these materials and components due to the lack of available distribution channels. For example, the Handmade Toy Alliance stated that its members would be unable to consistently obtain materials complying with such a low lead limit because its members do not purchase raw materials, but instead purchase component parts from retail stores.” But, heck, who will take the time to actually read their 59-page report?  Believe me, Waxman ain’t losing sleep over the possibility that you will read it, much less actual members of Congress. And then there’s the practicality of the exception process – it’s like major litigation against the government. Think of the cost – you would need to hire experts, lawyers, consultants and would have to prepare dossiers on each and every material, component and product you want exempted.  You will bear the burden of proof, you will be judged ONLY on the “proof” you submit, and best of all, you will be judged by a panel controlled by Tenenbaum, Adler and Moore.  Who on Earth will waste their money and their time on this?  Perhaps Mattel, WalMart and a few Asian manufacturers of bicycles (China makes 58% of world bicycle production).  It’s not for you – you can’t afford it.  This is a meager gimme for big business, like “firewalled test labs”, something to ease the troubles of the mega companies affected by the CPSIA. As for the rest of us, let’s not forget the wisdom of Senator Dick Durbin’s office : “I think you are right that the CPSIA imposes costs on businesses, and because of economies of scale it’s the smaller businesses that will feel these costs more acutely. This is part of a larger calculation that it’s worth the costs to shift from the old system of post-market correction (once a dangerous product is out in the market and leads to sick kids, recalls, lawsuits, etc.) to a new system of pre-market testing and certification (instead of just assuming products are safe and paying the price for false assumptions).” [Correspondence dated April 16, 2009] I think the real false assumption is that the Democrats care about anything other than getting reelected.

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CPSIA – Futile Provision or Gimme for Big Biz?

CPSIA – Shams and the People Who Perpetrate Them

As far back as December 2009, CPSIA zealots have been promoting the notion that a “functional purpose” exemption is the centerpiece of any fix to the CPSIA.  See Henry Waxman’s first attempt at a middle-of-the-night amendment to the CPSIA.  Chairman Inez Tenenbaum chimed in in January 2010 to support the need for a functional purpose exemption:  ” I have learned through our implementation of the law, however, that there are circumstances where the exclusion of lead in certain materials or component parts is extremely problematic. Accordingly, it would be helpful for Congress to create a new exclusion to the section 101(a) lead content limits that would allow some flexibility in cases where lead is required for a functional purpose and the elimination of the lead is impracticable or impossible. “  At their insistene, this term has always been part of each draft of CPSIA amendment being discussed by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. This same approach lives on in ECADA today.  Does it really make sense to offer an “out” for items or materials which “[require] the inclusion of lead because it is not practicable or not technologically feasible to manufacture” without violative lead levels?  How might that judgment be made?  No matter – the exemption sounds like a nice gesture by the powers-that-be, doesn’t it?  Leaves the door cracked just a bit so that companies in the children’s market can preserve hope, right?  The provision also addresses the unfortunate but predictable fact that the CPSC has been “unable” to grant even one exemption to the CPSIA in the last three years.  Zero, zip, zilch, nada, nothin’.  Advocates insist that this exemption process solves the problem of an overly-inflexible law without unnecessarily “endangering” children from dreaded lead. I wonder if you would feel differently if you knew that there are no conceivable materials or products that meet this standard.  The CPSC Staff confirmed it in writing.  The CPSC report on 100 ppm released last week confirms once and for all that the functional purpose exemption is an outright SHAM.  This darling of Rep. Henry Waxman and his minions (including Adler and Tenenbaum) will never be used to grant even one exemption, thus perpetuating the hoax that the CPSIA has exemptions.  It doesn’t, it never has and if the Dems get their way with this provision, it never will.  This is no accident. The CPSC Staff report concludes that the 100 ppm lead level is “technologically feasible” for all products and all materials.  Thus, they recommend the implementation of the new standard on time on August 14 to apply to everything.  This is critical – they conclude that every material and every product can be produced at the 100 ppm level.  This is actually a narrow judgment under very specific conditions set out in the CPSIA.  “Technologically feasible” is a term of art under the law – it does not have the ordinary English language meaning you might otherwise expect.  Of particular note, the definition does not refer to cost or economics in any fashion.  In other words, if it can be done (at any expense, regardless of how ridiculous), it must be done.  As the staff discovered, almost anything is “technologically feasible” under this definition in a low tech business like children’s products.  Of course, you might have to spend a lot of money or take a lot of economic risk.  The law is indifferent to these pedestrian concerns.  To reach this conclusion, staff also dispensed with the notion that anyone “used” lead at these trace levels. They note that intentional uses of lead were always at concentrations well above 300 ppm:   ”Staff has found no intentional uses of lead in materials at concentrations at or near any of the three statutory lead limits (i.e., 100 ppm, 300 ppm, or 600 ppm).  Therefore, staff does not believe that children’s product manufacturers intentionally design or make products or components with the maximum allowable lead content because lead concentration near the maximum limit would have no benefit or purpose to the product or the manufacturer.”  In other words, lead is never “included” in children’s products at these levels.  [Note to the Dem Commissioners - you can now officially apologize for your insulting remark that we manufacturers intend to "dose" children with lead if standards are even slightly loosened.] Staff also confirmed the obvious on health issues relating to these trace levels:  The contribution of products with lead levels of between 100 ppm and 300 ppm is “minimal”. In so concluding, the staff apparently rejected the testimony of the AAP’s estimable Dana Best that IQ points were being lost left and right from trace levels of lead.  So why are the Dems still insisting on a “functional purpose” exemption process?   Well, substantively, there is no rational justification for it anymore – it cannot be granted given staff’s conclusions.  That said, who is going to figure that one out?  It sounds good, makes good press for an easily-duped media, and allows Dems to adopt the stump-worthy posture of “listening” to corporate victims while still protecting children against evil companies out to poison them.  As I said, who is going to connect the dots and figure this one out?  Expect every draft of the pending CPSIA amendment to include this obsolete notion no matter the facts.  It’s good for you, remember! This is called leadership in Washington today.

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CPSIA – Shams and the People Who Perpetrate Them

CPSIA – ECADA Mark-up Delayed . . . What Did You Expect?

Continuing Congress’ recent tradition of partisan gridlock, the House Energy and Commerce Committee yesterday “postponed” the mark-up on the CPSIA Amendment (ECADA).  This is no doubt due to the politically-advantageous intransigence of the Dems on basically ANY amendment of the CPSIA.  Although they (through the mouthpiece of Henry Waxman) concede that the law must be changed, they really don’t mean it.  Your concerns . . . your complaints . . . your data-driven critiques of the awful CPSIA . . . your lost revenue . . . your lost business opportunities . . . your escalating costs . . . your job cuts . . . have ALL fallen on deaf Dem ears, all for the greater good of putting more Dems in a position to say THEY hold the high moral ground and love children more than evil Republicans.  Soon they will finish the job by preventing any fixes to the CPSIA. The next chance for a mark-up is the weeks of July 7 or 14.  And, if you aren’t aware somehow, on August 14, the lead standard drops to 100 ppm by legal action under the original CPSIA.  Among the many reasons why the Republicans have been working on this amendment since the FIRST DAY OF THE NEW CONGRESS (see my blogposts of January 7th  and thereafter) is to head off that terrible change in law.  Aside from the absurdity that Congress ENDORSED the sale of merchandise with 300 ppm lead for two years only to legislate a reverse course on August 14, 2011 when the merchandise magically becomes dangerous overnight, the provision has been interpreted to be RETROACTIVE in effect.  In other words, your inventory becomes unsaleable after August 13 even if in compliance with prior law if even a single component violates the trace 100 ppm lead-in-substrate standard.  For perspective, consider that the dirt in the White House vegetable garden has been tested out at 93 ppm lead. As previously discussed in this space, retroactive bans are extremely rare in American law and never before have they been so carelessly used or endorsed as in the awful CPSIA.  So there is a ticking time bomb in the CPSIA – and the Dems are perfectly content to let it explode in your warehouse or your store.  Expect many order cancellations soon. Thanks Dems.  Good job governing. 

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CPSIA – ECADA Mark-up Delayed . . . What Did You Expect?

CPSIA – Battles Lines Drawn

As ECADA moves toward a mark-up, possibly next week, the action over the CPSIA is happening elsewhere on the Hill.  In yesterday’s The Hill newspaper, it was announced that the pending Appropriations Bill knocks out all funding for the noxious CPSIA database.  It is symptomatic of the partisan gridlock in Washington that a policy debate has to be dealt with by withholding funds.  The parties are simply unable to agree on anything.  To agree is to give up political advantage.  In gridlock, it is always possible to blame the other party and to paint them with whatever black brush is handy.  This is particularly attractive to a minority party like the Dems in the House – they want their majority back.  Thus, while the “defenses” for the absurdly over-reaching rules governing the database are almost laughable, the Dems posture as though any change threatens the American way of life. That said, it’s a good thing that the Appropriations Bill is doing the work that the House Energy and Commerce Committee hasn’t done or perhaps cannot do.  Brokering agreement with someone as unyielding and unreasonable as Henry Waxman is no small feat.  Rationality and reason, not to mention good policy, have no apparent effect on this ideologue.  He won’t concede that Rep. Mike Pompeo, and the other database haters, have legitimate concerns.  NO ONE is asking that the database die, just that it be a fair game for everyone.  It’s only because the Dems won’t give a millimeter that you get the Appropriations Bill.  If Energy and Commerce can’t change the database, or the CPSIA, I commend the Appropriations Committee for taking action to protect American businesses from government-sanctioned slander.  Somebody had to do it. There’s no telling where all this goes.  The Republican majority in the House may be able to shine a light on the issues of the CPSIA, but since the Dems control the Senate and White House, it seems as though the Dems are capable of blocking progress.  Three years of work have no persuaded one Dem of anything, by all appearances.  [Hence my disillusionment, frustration and outrage.]  There is little sign that the Dems will give an inch – and you know what that likely means.  You and I are (remain) screwed.  Stasis means the 100 ppm standard gets implemented in two months, possibly retroactively.  It means that you must continue to test internal components for phthalates and test and retest everything else endlessly without relief of any kind.  It means that the 12-year-old age limit for everything stays in place, rhinestones and brass remain illegal (but osmium, iridium and ruthenium are still a-okay!), books and bikes and ATVs remain under the thumb of the CPSC, and many, many businesses will further weaken.  NO child will be safer, and NO injury will be avoided.  The advocates can’t provide evidence that ANYONE was EVER injured so there is no rational reason to believe this massive disruption will save a life or even a paper cut. The battle lines are drawn.   Perhaps now you know why I was so disappointed when only one wiener resigned from Energy and Commerce today. I can think of a few more that ought to go . . . . VOTE FOR ECADA AND END THE CPSIA CHARADE!

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CPSIA – Battles Lines Drawn

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